Every claim here can be checked. This is how.
A study, an author, a year, a sample size, a note on whether it replicated: that is what has to sit behind a claim before it is published. Where a technique tips into manipulation, the relevant UK regulation is named alongside it.
What a research claim has to carry before it is published
Any sentence that leans on a study, a statistic or a named result is checked against this list before it goes live. Where the list can't be completed, the claim is rewritten as an opinion or removed.
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The study is named
Not 'research shows' but the paper itself, so a reader can find it and read it themselves.
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The author or institution is named
Kahneman and Tversky, not 'psychologists'. A named source can be checked; an unnamed one can't.
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The year is given
A 1979 finding and a 2019 finding carry different weight, particularly in a field that moves as fast as behavioural economics.
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The journal or publisher is given
Where a claim ran, and under what review, matters to how much it should move your decision.
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The sample is described
Who was studied and how many, because a finding from twenty students in a lab doesn't travel the same distance as one from a large field trial.
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Replication status is stated
Whether the finding has been independently reproduced, named where it hasn't, or where later work has weakened it.
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The link goes to the source
The link goes to the paper or the publisher's record.
A claim missing any one of these does not go on the site. It waits, or it is cut.
Every technique names the point where it becomes manipulation
Each guide on this site marks the line at which a persuasion technique stops being persuasion and becomes an unfair or misleading commercial practice, and it does so in the same section as the technique itself, not in a caveat tacked on at the end.
Why the line sits inside the technique
A reader who learns a technique from one paragraph and its limit from another, three screens down, will use the technique and never reach the limit. Reciprocity works because it feels like an obligation, and that is also the point at which using it becomes coercive. Put those two facts next to each other, and the reader can judge where they stand before they act.
The regulatory references that mark the boundary
Three pieces of UK law and one industry code set the point at which a sales technique stops being legitimate persuasion:
- Consumer Protection from Unfair Trading Regulations 2008: names fake urgency, false scarcity and misrepresentation of a product's effect or availability as unfair commercial practices where consumers are involved.
- Business Protection from Misleading Marketing Regulations 2008: the equivalent protection where the practice runs between businesses.
- CAP Code: governs advertising and marketing communications, including rules against misleading claims and high-pressure marketing tactics, and applies to any technique this site describes that is used in an advert or marketing message.
Where a technique this site teaches falls inside one of these, that is stated next to the technique, with the regulation named.
Where pitching crosses into regulated advice
Some pitches sell financial products, insurance, credit, legal or medical services, and persuasion technique is not the only line that matters there. Where a guide touches that ground, it names the FCA, the SRA or the relevant regulator and states that advising in those areas is a regulated activity. This site does not hold that authorisation and does not give regulated advice.
What this policy does not cover
Naming the legal boundary of a technique is not the same as confirming that any particular use of it is lawful. Whether a specific pitch, deadline or claim crosses into misleading marketing depends on the wording, the audience and the context, and that judgement sits with the reader and, where needed, with a solicitor or the ICO. A worked example, such as the closing tactics covered on Closing: Asking for the Decision Without Begging or Bullying, shows the mechanism and its limit; it does not clear a specific pitch for use.
What this site leaves out, and why
What this site does not carry
A site built to teach persuasion has an obvious temptation: to persuade the reader of things it cannot back up. This section sets out what it will not do, so a reader can check the copy against the promise.
- No affiliate links. Where a tool is named in a guide, it is named because the guide needs it.
- No outcome promises. A line like "double your close rate" is not published here, because a figure about pitch outcomes means nothing without the sample it came from and the base rate it is measured against.
- No unnamed research. "Studies show" does not appear on this site as a sentence on its own. What replaces it is set out below.
- No motivational-speaker register. Nothing here tells a reader to crush a quota or unleash their potential, because that kind of language stands in for a mechanism.
- No ranking of sales tools or coaches. A tool is described where a guide needs one, offered as one option among several, without a recommendation attached to it.
Every claim is written to be checked
A reader does not have to take a technique's mechanism on faith. Where this site describes why something works, it names the research behind that claim well enough for the reader to go and read it directly. Where the evidence is mixed or the finding has not held up under repetition, that is stated in the same place as the claim.
The citation standard
A research claim on this site is published only with the parts that let a reader judge it:
- the named study and its lead author
- the year it was published
- the journal it appeared in
- the sample size
- its replication status, meaning whether independent researchers have reproduced the finding since
A claim missing any of these is not a claim this site publishes.
The manipulation policy
Several techniques covered on this site work precisely because they exploit a bias the buyer is not consciously tracking, and the same mechanism that makes a technique effective is usually what makes it manipulative past a certain point. Where that line exists, it is named alongside the technique itself. Fake urgency, false scarcity and misrepresentation are named as unfair commercial practices under the Consumer Protection from Unfair Trading Regulations 2008 and the Business Protection from Misleading Marketing Regulations 2008, and where a technique is prohibited by the CAP Code for misleading or high-pressure marketing, that is stated. A worked example of where the line sits between a firm close and a coercive one is set out in Closing: Asking for the Decision Without Begging or Bullying.